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Friday, May 14, 2021

PROPERTIES OF SUBTRACTION.

 

Properties Of Subtraction:

1. Closure Property.

2. Commutative Property (or) Order property.

3. Associative Property.

4. Zero Property (or) Identity property .

5. Subtracting a number from itself.

6. Subtraction of 1.

 

1. Closure Property:

When a whole number is subtracted from another whole number, the difference is not always a whole number.

i.e; a – b = c , a whole number ; (a > b).

      a – b = -c , not a whole number ;( a < b).

Example:

 25 – 10 = 15 , a whole number. ( a > b ).

 5 – 15 = - 10 , not a whole number. ( a < b ).      

 

2. Commutative Property (or) Order Property:

In subtraction, the order in which the numbers are subtracted is important. i.e: Minuend, a  >  Subtrahend, b. ( a>b)

 

 i.e; ( a – b ) ≠ ( b – a ) ; a, b are whole numbers.

            65 – 35 = 30; 

            35 – 65 = -30.

 

3. Associative Property:

The subtraction of whole numbers is not associative.

i.e; if a, b, c are whole numbers, then in general:

a – ( b – c ) ≠ ( a – b ) – c .   

Example: let a = 40 ; b = 20 ; c = 10.

a – ( b – c ) =  40 – ( 20 – 10 ) = 40 – 10 = 30.

(a – b ) – c   = ( 40 – 20 ) – 10 = 20 – 10 = 10.

Therefore, a – ( b – c ) ≠ ( a – b ) – c.

 

4. Zero Property (or) Identity property:

In this property 0 is subtracted from a number.

When 0 is subtracted from a number gives the number itself.

i.e; a – 0 = a.

Here, Minuend    = Number = 30,

          Subtrahend = 0,

          Difference = Number itself = 30

Example: 30 – 0 = 30; 100 – 0 = 100; 

                   (- 5) - 0 = -5 ; ( -25) - 0 = -25.

 

5. Subtracting a number from itself:

If the number is subtracted from itself, the difference is Zero.

i.e; a – a = 0.

Here, Minuend = Number = 58,

          Subtrahend = Number itself = 58,

           Difference = Zero = 0.

Example: 58 – 58 = 0; 72 – 72 = 0.  

 

6. Subtraction of 1:   

When 1 is subtracted from a number, we get its Predecessor.

Example: 500 – 1 = 499; 499 – 1 = 498; 498 – 1 = 497.



Thursday, May 13, 2021

SUBTRACTION.

 

SUBTRACTION:

The sign of subtraction is minus(-).

The terms used in Subtraction are:

 a) Minuend b) Subtrahend c) Difference.

·       Minuend is the bigger number; the number from which a number is subtracted.

·       Subtrahend is the smaller number; the number to be subtracted.

·       Difference is the answer or the result of the subtraction.

 

Example:

1. Subtract 25 from 68.

Solution:

Write the numbers in their respective columns.

Here, bigger number is Minuend i.e; 68.

The number to be Subtracted is Subtrahend i.e; 25.



Step1: Subtract the Ones: 5 Ones from 8 Ones = 3 Ones.

           Write 3 under Ones column. 

  

Step2: Subtract the Tens: 2 Tens from 6 Tens = 4 Tens.

     Write 4 under Tens column.

 




Thus, 68 – 25 = 43.

 

2. Subtract 241 from 463.

Solution:

Write the numbers in their respective columns.

Here, Minuend is 463, bigger number.

          Subtrahend is 241 , that is to be subtracted.


          

 

Step 1: Subtract the Ones: 1 Ones from  3 Ones = 2 Ones.

            Write 2 under the Ones column.



Step2: Subtract the Tens: 4 Tens from 6 Tens = 2 Tens.

           Write 2 under the Tens column.



Step3: Subtract the Hundreds:

2 Hundreds from 4 Hundreds = 2 Hundreds.

Write 2 under the Hundreds column. 


    

   Thus, 463 – 241 = 222.




Tuesday, September 1, 2020

Properties of Multiplication of Fractions.

PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLICATION OF FRACTIONAL NUMBERS:

The properties of multiplication of Whole numbers apply to the multiplication of Fractions as well.

 

1) The product of a Fraction and Zero is Zero.

    2/3  x  0  =   0;   3 5/4  x  0  =  0.

 

2) The product of a Fraction and One(1) is the Fraction itself.

     3/8  x 1 = 3/8;   4 7/3 x 1 = 4 7/3.

 

3) Two fraction can be multiplied in any order, the product remains the same.

    1/6 x  2/7 =  (1x2) / (6x7)  = 2/42  ;  2/7 x 1/6 = (2x1)/(7x6) = 2/42.

 

4) While multiplying more than two fractions, they can be grouped in any order. The product remains the same.

Let the fractions be:  2/5 x 1/7 x 2/3

2/5 x (1/7 x 2/3) = (2x1x2) / (5x7x3) = 4/105.

                    (or)                                                           

(2/5 x 1/7) x 2/3 = (2x1x2) / (5x7x3) = 4/105.

                   (or)

(2/5 x 2/3) x 1/7 = (2x2x1) / (5x3x7) = 4/105.

Therefore, 2/5 x (1/7 x 2/3) = (2/5 x 1/7) x 2/3 = (2/5 x 2/3) x 1/7 = 4/105.

 

Fill in the blanks using Multiplication Properties:

1) 3/8 x 6/7 =  6/7 x 3/8.

2) (1/5 x 4/6) x 2/9 =  1/5 x  (4/6 x 2/9).

3) 5/9 x 0 = 0.

4) 5/7 x 1 = 5/7.  

5) 3/7 x 2/7 = 2/7 x 3/7.

6)  6/5 x (3/7 x 4/5) = (6/5 x 3/7) x 4/5.    


Properties of Division of Fractions.

PROPERTIES OF DIVISION OF FRACTIONS:

 1) When a fraction is divided by 1, the quotient is the fraction itself.

   2/5 ÷  1 = 2/5 ;    3/7 ÷ 1 = 3/7 ;   2  3/5  ÷ 1 =  2 3/5.

 

2) When Zero is divided by a fraction, the quotient is always Zero.

  0 ÷ 2/5  =  0 ;   0 ÷ 3 4/5 =  0 ;   0 ÷ 3/8  =  0.

Note: We cannot divide a fraction by Zero.

 

3) When a fraction is divided by itself, the quotient is One (1).

  2/5 ÷ 2/5 = 1 ;   3 4/5 ÷ 3 4/5 = 1  ;  3/7 ÷ 3/7 = 1.

 

Fill in the blanks using properties of division:

1)  4/7 ÷ 4/7 =

2)  3/8 ÷ 1 = 3/8.

3) 4/9 ÷  4/9 = 1.

4) 0 ÷ 5/9 = 0.

5) 0 ÷ 2/9 = 0.


Friday, August 21, 2020

Division of a Fractional number by a Whole number.

DIVISION OF A FRACTION BY A WHOLE NUMBER:

Steps to find Division of fraction by a whole number:

i) Find out the reciprocal of the Whole number.

ii) Multiply the Fraction with reciprocal of the Whole number.

iii) Simplify into its lowest terms.

Required Answer = Fraction x Reciprocal of the Whole number.

 

Solve the Following:

1) 5/9 ÷  4

Solution :

Given: Fraction = 5/9 ; Whole number = 4.

i) Reciprocal of the Whole number = 1/4

Required Answer =  Fraction x Reciprocal of the Whole number

                             =  (5/9)  x  (1/4) =  5/36.           

                                                                                   

2) 5/6 ÷ 4

Solution:

Given: Fraction = 5/6 ; Whole number = 4.

Reciprocal of the Whole number = 1/4

Required Answer =  Fraction x Reciprocal of the Whole number

                             =  (5/6) x (1/4) =  5/24.

 

3) 3/7 ÷ 3

Solution:

Given: Fraction = 3/7 ; Whole number = 3.

Reciprocal of the Whole number = 1/3.

Required Answer =  Fraction x Reciprocal of the Whole number

                             =  (3/7) x (1/3) = 7.



Division of a Whole number by a Fraction.

DIVISION OF A WHOLE NUMBER BY A FRACTION:

Steps to find Division of whole number by a fraction:

i) Find out the reciprocal of the fraction.

ii) Multiply the whole number with reciprocal of the fraction.

iii) Simplify into its lowest terms.

Required Answer = Whole number x Reciprocal of the Fraction.

 

Solve the following:

1) 8 ÷  1/5

Solution:

Given: Whole number = 8; Fraction = 1/5.  

i) Reciprocal of the fraction = 5.

ii) Multiplying whole number with reciprocal of the fraction.

  8 x 5 = 40 , required answer.        

 

2) 5 ÷   1/6

Solution:

Given: Whole number = 5 ; Fraction = 1/6.

Reciprocal of the fraction = 6.

Required Answer = Whole number x Reciprocal of the fraction.

                                =  5 x 6 = 30.

 

3) 9 ÷  2/3

Solution:

Given: Whole number = 9 ; Fraction = 2/3.

Reciprocal of the fraction = 3/2.

Required answer = Whole number x Reciprocal of the fraction.

                             = 9 x  (3/2) = 27/2.

 

4) 4 ÷ 2/3

Solution:

Given: Whole number = 4 ; Fraction = 2/3.

Reciprocal of the fraction = 3/2.

Required answer = Whole number x Reciprocal of the fraction.

                             = 4 x (3/2) = 6.



Division of Fraction by a Fraction.

DIVISION OF FRACTION BY A FRACTION:

Steps to find the result when a fraction is divided by another fraction:

i) Write the divisor in terms of its reciprocal.

ii) Multiply the dividend with reciprocal of the divisor.

iii) Simplify into its lowest terms.

Required Answer = Dividend x Reciprocal of the Divisor.

 

Solve the following:

1)  15/6  ÷  3/4

Solution:

Given: Dividend = 15/6 ; Divisor = 3/4

i) Reciprocal of the Divisor = 4/3.

ii)   Required Answer =  Dividend x  Reciprocal of the divisor

                                       =  (15/6)   x  (4/3)

iii) Simplifying into its lowest terms:

=  (15x4) / (6x3) = (5x2) / 3 = 10/3.

 

2)  21/28  ÷  3/7

Solution:

Given: Dividend = 21/28 ; Divisor = 3/7

Reciprocal of divisor = 7/3.

Required Answer = Dividend x Reciprocal of the Divisor 

=  (21/28) x (7/3) = (21x7) / (28x3)

 = 7/4.   ( simplify into Lowest terms :  3x7  /  4x3 =  7/4 )

 

3)  2 4/5  ÷  7/2

Solution:

Given: Dividend =  2 4/5 ; Divisor = 7/2

Converting Dividend: mixed fraction into fraction

2 4/5 = 14/5.

Reciprocal of the Divisor = 2/7.

Required Answer  =  Dividend x  Reciprocal of the divisor 

                                = 14/5  x  2/7  =  (14x2) / (5x7) =  4/5.

 

4) 8/9 ÷  5 1/3

Solution:

Given: Dividend = 8/9 ; Divisor = 5 1/3

Converting Divisor(mixed fraction)  into Fraction:

 5 1/3 = 16/3.

Reciprocal of the Divisor = 3/16.

Required Answer = Dividend x  Reciprocal of the divisor 

                               =  (8/9)  x  (3/16)  =  (8x3) / (9x16)  

                               =  1/6.



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